الاثنين، 17 ديسمبر 2012

What does solid particulate refer to

What does solid particulate refer to?
Benha University
Faculty of engineering and technology
Electrical department
Communications


Report about
Impact effect of solid particulates

Prepared by:
Ibrahim zakria abed el daim
Sec (1) B.n(1)
Electrical department (communications)

Under supervision of
Dr | Mohamed said
Introduction:
What does solid particulate refer to?
Particulate matters can be broken down into three constituents namely soot, the soluble organic fraction (SOF), and oxides. The soot is carbonaceous material, which results from incomplete combustion of mainly fuel and, to a lesser extent, lube oil. It is essentially carbon and gives the black smoke in the exhausted gas. The SOF is basically unburned hydrocarbons from the lube oil and fuel, with the lube oil being the dominant portion. The oxide portion is mainly the sulphat with associated water primarily derived from the sulphur in the fuel. Therefore there are is a direct relationship between particulate emission and fuel-sulphur level pope.
Solid particulates exist in cement and fertilizers manufacturing and also in sulphur that exists in the fuel.
The premixed combustion is less liable to generate soot. Diffusion combustion tends to generate soot at the exhaust. The amount of soot generated on many factors depends on many factors as: engine load, engine speed, engine condition, effectiveness of air fuel mixing, mass of air available, and fuel quality.


Particulates matters (pm)

Can be divided into three continents:
1. Soot: it considered a carbonaceous material which results from incomplete combustion.

2. Soluble organic fraction (SOF): it represents unburned hydrocarbons from lubricating oil and fuel.

1. Oxides: it consists of sulphat associated with water




What the effect of solid particulates on the surroundings??
It has Abad effect on the human and plant (crops) and environment.
As a result of it is shape, size and formation it does not resolve in liquids that is lead to how it is difficult to remove solid particulates by resolving it in liquids.
• Some of the solid particulates has Abad effect on the crops as it reflect sun beams which lead to incomplete photosynthesis process that consider the main process of growing up crops which we depend on it in our food management and some of solid particulates has acid formation and at high temperature it effect the crops badly.
• Solid particulates have a serious effect on human beings because some of these particles consider poisons like ammonia and it had acid formation.
• Also it effect environment badly because it contain acid substances so when it fall on buildings or roofs it cannot be removed and you cannot get over it easily.


Particulates filter

Fine particles in the air have been of considerable environmental interest in recent years because of the of research studies correlating short-term exposure of ambient levels of fine particulates matter (pm) with acute adverse health effects.



We take as an example: (engine filters in any machine)
We found three kinds of filters:

1. Air filter: which purify the air entering the engine.

2. Oil filter: used to filter the oil that used for movable parts of the engine.

3. Fuel filter: used to separate solid particulates to reduce the out coming emissions.

The maximum distance can the solid particulates take effects by three forces:
1. Gravity force
2. Drag force
3. Buoyancy force
• The are many paper written detailing the development of different types of filter technology and their effect on trapping efficiency by various method.
Gas cleaning filters specifications
equipment Gravity settling chamber Cyclone separator Wet scrubber Bag filter Electrostatic precipitator

Particle size range, micron 10-1000 0.6-100 0.1-100 0.1-60 0.001-50
Dust concentration in cleaned gas, gm/Nm^3 5 2.5 0.5-0.7 0.03 0.01
Maximum dust size(microns) in clean gas 150 40 20-25 10 5
Pressure drop in cleaner, mm water gage <15


>50 <50 in hollow scrubber 100-250 50-250 (clean-dirty) <25


Filters are used for separate solid particulate:
1. Gravity filter: or settling chamber used to remove large size of particulates under existence of gravity






2. Cyclone filter: depend on center fugal force gravity force

2. Scrubber filter:Gas scrubbers are air pollution control devices that use a high-energy liquid spray to remove aerosol and gaseous pollutants from an air stream. The gases are removed either by absorption or chemical reaction. In addition to fume and gas abatement, scrubbers may be used for process air cleansing and dust collection. Dry scrubbers are available, but they are often more costly than slurry method scrubbers









4. Bag filter:Recovery of particulate matter from exhaust gas is vital for any industry from two aspects
• To avoid pollution problems
• Recovery of finished product-increasing the plant yield


5. Electro static precipitator

ليست هناك تعليقات:

إرسال تعليق